• The K7RA Solar Update

    From ARRL de WD1CKS@VERT/WLARB to QST on Friday, October 25, 2024 16:22:49
    10/25/2024

    Key solar indicators were lower this week, with average daily solar
    flux down from 194.3 to 170.5 and average daily sunspot numbers
    declining from 129.3 to 127.7.

    On October 22, Spaceweather.com[1] reported:

    "THE SUN IS TAKING A QUICK BREAK: Solar Max is hard work. Just ask
    the Sun. After flaring almost without pause for the past 10 months,
    the Sun is taking a quick break. Solar activity has been low for the
    past 48 hours with no flares stronger than category C. The quiet
    won't last. Solar Max is expected to continue for at least another
    year; flaring should resume shortly."

    Predicted solar flux is 200 on October 25-26, then 205 and 215 on
    October 27-28, then 220 on October 29-31, then 180, 185, 180 and 175
    on November 1-4, 180 on November 5-6, 185 on November 7-8, 180 on
    November 9, 175 on November 10-12, then 180 and 175 on November
    13-14, 170 on November 15-16, 165 on November 17-18, and 160 and 165 on November 19-20.

    Predicted planetary A index is 15, 18 and 7 on October 25-27, then 8
    on October 28-29, 5 0n October 30 through November 10, then 12, 12,
    8, 5, 12, 10, 5, 15 and 10 on November 11-19, and 5 on November
    20-21, 12 on November 22 and 5 on November 23-30.

    "Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
    Ionosphere - October 24, 2024 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH:

    "NASA and NOAA announced in a joint statement on October 15, 2024
    that a solar maximum is underway. This phase of the cycle may take 2
    to 3 years to develop. For shortwave propagation, this implies that
    the regular openings of the shortest bands will continue at least
    through 2025, possibly longer.

    "The author of these lines considers it likely that the current
    11-year cycle will have two peaks, the first of which is taking
    place now. In that case, we could expect the second peak in 2025.

    "Coronagraphs aboard artificial Earth satellites provide invaluable
    data for predicting solar activity. The Solar and Heliospheric
    Observatory (SOHO) has been in operation for an unexpectedly long
    time - it was launched in December 1995! Fortunately, the Sun is
    still being similarly observed by GOES-19, although it is still
    undergoing testing with instrument checks, including the
    coronagraph, which we expect to be in regular use from Spring 2025.

    "In the last two weeks or so, we have been able to observe the size
    of AR3842 and AR3844 on the Sun's far side.

    "AR3844, meanwhile, emerged on the southeastern limb of the solar
    disk, was renamed AR3869, and immediately made itself known with a
    powerful solar flare of class X3.3. It happened on October 24, with
    the peak of the event at 0357 UT. The extreme ultraviolet radiation
    from the flare ionized the upper part of the Earth's atmosphere. The
    Dellinger effect knocked out shortwaves to 30 MHz for nearly an hour
    in the Australia and Southeast Asia region. The current CME has left
    the Sun, but is unlikely to hit Earth (if it does, it could happen
    on October 26).

    "After the eruption, due to the increase in ionization of the
    ionospheric F2 region between 0910 - 1050 UT, the 50 MHz magic band
    between central and southern Europe and Japan (especially the
    southern half of its large islands) was opened. However, the vast
    majority of contacts were established at 50313 kHz (WSJT-X, FT8)."

    Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to k7ra@arrl.net[2]. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell us
    which mode you were operating.

    For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation[3] and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals[4]. For
    an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere[5] .

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation[6] . More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/[7] .

    Also, check this article:

    https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt[8]

    "Understanding Solar Indices" from September 2002 QST.

    Instructions for starting or ending email subscriptions to ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins[9] .

    Sunspot numbers for October 17 through 23 2024 were 146, 132, 101,
    113, 168, 130, and 104, with a mean of 127.7. 10.7 cm flux was
    167.7, 173.5, 165.2, 161.7, 163.9, 176.1, and 185.7, with a mean of
    170.5. Estimated planetary A indices were 9, 14, 23, 7, 5, 8, and 9,
    with a mean of 10.7. Middle latitude A Index was 7, 10, 15, 6, 3, 7,
    and 7, with a mean of 7.9.

    ÿ


    [1] http://Spaceweather.com
    [2] mailto:k7ra@arrl.net
    [3] http://www.arrl.org/propagation
    [4] http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals
    [5] http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere
    [6] http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation
    [7] http://k9la.us/
    [8] https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt
    [9] http://arrl.org/bulletins

    ---
    þ Synchronet þ Whiskey Lover's Amateur Radio BBS
  • From ARRL de WD1CKS@VERT/WLARB to QST on Friday, November 01, 2024 18:34:49
    11/01/2024

    Solar activity increased this week. Average daily sunspot number
    went from 127.7 to 197.4 and average solar flux from 170.5 to 240.2.

    Predicted solar flux is 270 on November 1-2, 265 and 260 on November
    3-4, 250 on November 5-7, 214, 195 and 182 on November 8-10, 172,
    168, 174 and 165 on November 11-14, and 162 on November 15-16.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5, 8, 15, and 10 on November 1-4, 5
    on November 5-15, then 5, 8, 5, 12, and 8 on November 16-20, and 5
    on November 21 through December 5

    Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
    Ionosphere - October 31, 2024 from OK1HH:

    "We know only approximately what the Earth's ionosphere looked like
    between March 1755 and June 1766 thanks to observations of the Sun
    in Solar Cycle 1. But we do know what it looked like in Solar Cycle
    19, which ran from April 1954 to October 1964. Although I was a
    novice radio amateur at the time, I can testify that the shortwave
    propagation conditions at the peak of Solar Cycle 19 (1958) were
    wonderful!

    "As of December 2019, Solar Cycle 25 is in operation. It was
    supposed to be low, fortunately it is not. Its maximum is now
    underway, perhaps a second will follow next year. It is fabulous,
    judging by the above and the many interesting effects, including,
    for example, auroras. But unfortunately, not if we judge them by the
    current conditions of ionospheric shortwave propagation. An
    explanation of why this is now the case will surely be forthcoming -
    but perhaps Solar Cycle 26 will be underway.

    "A week ago, as expected, large active regions and corresponding
    groups of spots appeared at the southeastern limb of the solar disk.
    We are now seeing them near the central meridian. This has increased
    the likelihood of Earth being hit by particles that will eject
    subsequent flares. It seems that not only these, but also
    disturbances in the geomagnetic field and then fluctuations in the
    ionospheric propagation field can be counted on with certainty in
    the coming days. Given that we have already seen simultaneously
    observed active regions on the Sun during the last solar rotation,
    presumably a 27-day recurrence will be a good aid to prediction."

    How NASA tracks the Solar Cycles:

    https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x98c2di[1]

    The latest from the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence
    Newsletter:

    https://www.stce.be/newsletter/newsletter.php[2]

    Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to k7ra@arrl.net[3]. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell us
    which mode you were operating.

    For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation[4] and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals[5]. For
    an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere[6] .

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation [7]. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/[8] .

    Also, check this article:

    https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt[9]

    "Understanding Solar Indices" from September 2002 QST.

    Instructions for starting or ending email subscriptions to ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins[10] .

    Sunspot numbers for October 24 through 30 2024 were 138, 157, 181,
    198, 288, 220, and 200, with a mean of 197.4. 10.7 cm flux was
    196.6, 209.3, 238.4, 246.2, 255.5, 265.6, and 269.8, with a mean of
    240.2. Estimated planetary A indices were 13, 3, 14, 10, 17, 12, and
    15, with a mean of 12. Middle latitude A Index was 10, 2, 11, 8, 11,
    10, and 10, with a mean of 8.9.

    ÿ


    [1] https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x98c2di
    [2] https://www.stce.be/newsletter/newsletter.php
    [3] mailto:k7ra@arrl.net
    [4] http://www.arrl.org/propagation
    [5] http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals
    [6] http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere
    [7] http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation
    [8] http://k9la.us/
    [9] https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt
    [10] http://arrl.org/bulletins

    ---
    þ Synchronet þ Whiskey Lover's Amateur Radio BBS
  • From ARRL de WD1CKS@VERT/WLARB to QST on Friday, November 15, 2024 16:52:03
    11/15/2024

    Only five new sunspot groups emerged this week. First was on
    November 7, next on November 9, two more on November 11, and another
    on November 13.

    Average daily sunspot number declined from 193.4 to 141.6, while
    average daily solar flux went from 248.4 to 203.7.

    Predicted solar flux is 145 on November 15-16, 155 on November
    17-18, then 145 on November 19, 140 November 20-21, then 235, 240,
    255 and 260 on November 22-25, 270 on November 26-27, then 255 and
    250 on November 28-29, 240 on November 30 and December 1, 230 on
    December 2-3, and 225 and 220 on December 4-5, then 225 on December 6-7, and 175, 170, and 175 on December 8-10, then 165 on December 11-14, 178 and 185 on December 15-16, 200 on December 17-18, then 235, 240, 255 and 260 on December 19-22.

    Estimated planetary A index is 12, 10, 8, 12 and 8 on November
    15-19, 5 on November 20-24, 10 on November 25-26, then 8, 5, 5 and
    10 on November 27-30, then 12, 9, 8, 7 and 5 on December 1-5, 12 on
    December 6-8, then 8, 12 and 10 on December 9-11, 8 on December
    12-13, then 5, 8, 5 and 12 on December 14-17.

    From HMI Science Nuggets, a possible explanation for solar cycle
    double peaks:

    http://hmi.stanford.edu/hminuggets/?p=2685[1]

    Weekly Commentary on the Sun, the Magnetosphere, and the Earth's
    Ionosphere - November 14, 2024, from F.K. Janda, OK1HH:

    "Of the three active regions in the past few days, two have fallen
    behind the western limb of the solar disk. Therefore, the solar flux
    has dropped significantly. The third sunspot group was AR3889, which
    crossed the central meridian midweek. Its size of over 400
    millionths of the solar disk area, and in particular the optical 'F'
    and magnetic 'Beta-Gamma-Delta' configurations, indicate that the
    production of moderate size flares will continue. So, because it is
    in the west, like most coronal holes, the solar wind should
    intensify, and the Earth's magnetic field activity should increase.

    "This development, in fact, has already begun on November 14. First,
    conditions worsened after the polarity of the longitudinal component
    of the interplanetary magnetic field changed to negative between
    0200-0500 UTC, while the density of protons in the solar wind
    increased. This was correctly followed by an increase in its
    velocity from 350 km/s to 440 km/s. Due to the anticipated increase
    in the solar wind, a further several days of turbulence is expected,
    followed by calming down only during the following week."

    The latest report from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW:

    https://youtu.be/lGpDztCtTwY[2]

    Send your tips, reports, observations, questions and comments to k7ra@arrl.net[3]. When reporting observations, don't forget to tell us
    which mode you were operating.

    For more information concerning shortwave radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation[4] and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals[5]. For
    an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere[6] .

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation[7] . More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/[8] .

    Also, check this article:

    https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt[9]

    "Understanding Solar Indices" from September 2002 QST.

    Instructions for starting or ending email subscriptions to ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins[10] .

    Sunspot numbers for November 7 through 13, 2024 were 164, 167, 176,
    121, 138, 116, and 109, with a mean of 141.6. 10.7 cm flux was
    239.2, 231, 220.9, 230.6, 182.2, 171.7, and 150.3, with a mean of
    203.7. Estimated planetary A indices were 9, 11, 32, 25, 10, 5, and
    7, with a mean of 14.1. Middle latitude A Index was 7, 7, 24, 15, 7,
    4, and 5, with a mean of 9.9.
    ÿ


    [1] http://hmi.stanford.edu/hminuggets/?p=2685
    [2] https://youtu.be/lGpDztCtTwY
    [3] mailto:k7ra@arrl.net
    [4] http://www.arrl.org/propagation
    [5] http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals
    [6] http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere
    [7] http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation
    [8] http://k9la.us/
    [9] https://bit.ly/3Rc8Njt
    [10] http://arrl.org/bulletins

    ---
    þ Synchronet þ Whiskey Lover's Amateur Radio BBS